Navegar por el auge del arbitraje internacional: Preguntas frecuentes
There has been a notable increase in the utilisation of international arbitraje, which is now widely recognised as the preferred resolución de litigios mechanism for cross-border and multijurisdictional transactions. But what exactly is international arbitration?
Esta guía de preguntas frecuentes pretende dar respuesta a las preguntas más frecuentes sobre la naturaleza exacta del arbitraje internacional y cuáles son sus características fundamentales.
¿Qué es el arbitraje internacional?
International arbitration offers an alternative to the traditional approach of resolving disputes through formal court proceedings in a national court. If, and only if, the parties agree to arbitrate their dispute, an independent neutral arbitrator and/or a panel of arbitrators will make an award/decision which is binding on the parties.
A final award is typically enforceable in most domestic courts around the world and, subject to the arbitration rules which apply, there is generally no right a appeal the award and very limited grounds on which any award can be set aside.
Mi contrato carece de cláusula de arbitraje. ¿Puedo recurrir al arbitraje?
Yes, you can. As the parties will need to agree to submit their dispute to arbitration, the most common way for the parties to do so is to incorporate an arbitration clause into the underlying agreements/contracts. However, parties can still refer their dispute to arbitration through a submission agreement if no pre-existing arbitration clause exists.
¿Cuáles son las principales características del arbitraje internacional?
Fuerza ejecutiva de los laudos: One of the most significant advantages of international arbitration is the enforceability of arbitral awards across different jurisdictions. La Convención sobre el Reconocimiento y la Ejecución de las Sentencias Arbitrales Extranjeras de 1958, widely known as ‘The New York Convention,’ has been ratified by over 170 countries, making it often easier to enforce a non-domestic arbitral award than a foreign court judgment.
Neutralidad e imparcialidad: Arbitrators are typically chosen by the parties or a designated institution, ensuring a neutral and impartial decision-making process. This neutrality is crucial for cross-border disputes, as it minimises the risk of home-country bias or concerns about unfamiliar domestic judicial systems.
Flexibilidad y autonomía: Parties have the freedom to tailor the arbitration process to their specific needs, including selecting specialist arbitrators, specific procedural rules (e.g., ICC 2021 Rules, LCIA 2020 Rules, etc.), the ‘seat’ of arbitration, and the language of proceedings. This flexibility allows for a more efficient and customised resolution process.
Mientras que los procedimientos judiciales nacionales tradicionales a menudo pueden tardar años en resolverse, muchas de las normas que rigen el arbitraje internacional establecen que, en función de la idoneidad, las partes pueden optar por un procedimiento ‘rápido’ o ‘acelerado’ que pretende dictar un laudo definitivo en un plazo de 3 a 6 meses desde el inicio del procedimiento.
Confidencialidad: A diferencia de los procedimientos judiciales nacionales, que suelen ser públicos, el arbitraje internacional suele desarrollarse en privado, lo que permite a las partes acordar que la existencia y el contenido del arbitraje sean confidenciales.
¿Cómo puede RFB Legal ayudarme?
If you need advice or assistance regarding International Arbitration matters or wish to refer your dispute to International Arbitration, please contact Jonathan Chan (j.chan@rfblegal.co.uk) or our Arbitration Team (Arbitration@rfblegal.co.uk).
Jonathan Chan
Socio de Litigios
