Günümüzün hızlı online içerik yaratma dünyasında dikkat çekici bir trend ortaya çıkıyor: genç influencer'lar sahnenin merkezinde yer alıyor. Genellikle Z kuşağı meraklıları tarafından daha iyi anlaşılan bu yeni yetişen internet yıldızları, ilgi çekici vlog'ları ve dikkat çekici sosyal medya içerikleriyle büyük takipçi kitleleri oluşturuyor.
Çocuk influencer'lar altı yaşına kadar inebiliyor (örneğin Instagram'da 4,2 milyon takipçisi olan Elle Lively McBroom'u ele alalım!) Ancak en büyük şampiyon Ryan Kaji'dir. 34 milyon YouTube abonesi. Peki ya sırrı? Oyuncakların kutularını açmak ve oyun zamanı maceralarını paylaşmak tabii ki!
Yet, handling global fame and fortune is no small feat for a commercially untrained child. So, what are the commercial rights of a child influencer, and to what extent can they override the authority of those with parental responsibility over them?
Çocuk Etkileyicilerin İşi
Surprisingly, these young stars hold significant commercial sway, rivalling small and medium-sized businesses in terms of income and value. Some parents dive headfirst into this journey, taking on quasi-managerial roles, overseeing social media accounts, negotiating contracts, and producing content, all while their child continues to build and sell their brand.
Çocuk Etkileyiciler ve Ticari Sözleşmeler
Child influencers primarily thrive on sponsorship deals with major brands like Nickelodeon and Mattel (Ryan Kaji is a shining example). Payment usually lands in a designated account under the child’s name or in their parents’ hands to manage in trust.
Yasal olarak konuşursak, bir çocuk influencer İngiliz Hukuku kapsamında sözleşmelerle bağlanabilir mi? Biraz açalım:
- İhtiyaçlar için Sözleşmeler: Yiyecek, içecek, giyecek, konaklama ve ilaç vb. düşünün;
- Beneficial Sözleşmeler: Bunlar çıraklık, eğitim ve çeşitli hizmetleri kapsar.
Bir sözleşme her iki kategoriye de girmiyorsa, reşit olmayan kişi sözleşmeyi geçersiz kılma seçeneğine sahip olabilir. Ancak bu, diğer yetişkin tarafın sözleşmeye bağlı olarak sorumlu kalmayacağı anlamına gelmez. Sözleşmeler, özellikle önemli mali kazanç açısından çocuğa açık bir fayda sağlıyorsa da uygulanabilir. Bu tür sözleşmeler, çocuk oyuncular için yapılan yetenek anlaşmalarına benzemekle birlikte, bazı kamu incelemelerini de beraberinde getirebilir
Platformlar ve Hesapları
Thanks to age restrictions set by Data Protection Laws, a child influencer typically can’t officially own their social media account (as stated in the T&Cs). This measure aims to protect underage users and the platforms themselves. Thus, parents’ consent is key to creating and managing the profile, with income usually belonging to the account holder, subject to any legal obligations with third parties.
Fikri Mülkiyette Gezinme
While there’s no age restriction on creating intellectual property, child influencers are unlikely to own copyright over their own work, though in certain circumstance the influencer may have intellectual özellik rights in the form of Performans Hakları (s180(2) Telif Hakkı Tasarım ve Patent Yasası), but that is for another article. It’s typically the parents who film or produce the content who hold the rights, even in cases where a third-party production company is used.
Kurumsal Yapılanmanın Gücü
For influencers’ parents, using corporate structures is a smart move to mitigate legal risks and ensure tax efficiency. The company, not the individual, takes the lead in contracts with sponsors, and income is channelled into the company, which can then be paid out in dividends. While there’s no age restriction on owning shares, there is on company directorship, so parents usually take on this role while the child is appointed as a shareholder.
Aile Dinamiklerinde Gezinme
Her ailede anlaşmazlıklar yaşanması kaçınılmazdır. Ancak bu anlaşmazlıklar, ailesinin gelir ve itibarının anahtarını elinde tutan bir çocuk influencer etrafında döndüğünde ne olur? Çocuğun kariyeri, ebeveynlerin hakları ile dengelenmelidir. Ebeveyn Sorumluluğu (PR), ana hatlarıyla 1989 Çocuk Yasası Bölüm 3(1).
These rights include determining education, medical decisions, name changes, accessing records, travel consent, legal representation, and religious upbringing. PR extends to the child’s property, potentially affecting their role as an influencer.
In the event relations sour between a child influencer and their parents, it can spell doom for the Child’s burgeoning business. See “Influencer Ebeveynler ve Çocuklukları İçerik Haline Getirilen Çocuklar”.
Two critical issues emerge: first, what if both parents can’t agree on the child influencer’s role? Second, what rights do parents have over the commercial side, extending to finances, exposure, and privacy concerns? Consider ‘Harry’, a 12-year-old influencer with over 500,000 followers. His parents hold diametrically opposite views on his influencer status. Whilst she is supportive, his father worries about its impact on Harry’s education and future.
This decision squarely falls under PR, potentially shaping Harry’s life in profound ways. In the event the parents cannot agree, one parent may apply to the family court to step in as an objective party and decide in the child’s best interest. In reaching a decision, a court will take various factors into account including age, time commitments, and safeguarding children’s professional rights before they reach the age of consent.
Recent reports highlight a düzenleyici gap in UK child labour laws, leaving child influencers without adequate protection. Some have become primary income sources for their families, yet they lack the same protections as child entertainers.
While there’s currently limited case law on this Madde, the surge in child influencers is likely to lead to a whole can of legal worms, making this an area well worth following.
If you require assistance with Commercial or Family law issues, our dedicated teams are ready to destek you.
Bize Ulaşın:
- Mansour Mansour: Kurumsal ve Ticari Avukat │ m.Mansour@rfblegal.co.uk │ 020 3995 7798
- Adam Bowes: Aile Hukuku Avukatı & Ortağı │ a.bowes@rfblegal.co.uk │ 020 7613 7130
- Beth Alexander: Aile Hukuku Avukatı │ b.alexander@rfblegal.co.uk │ 0208 138 8127
Ek Bilgi
- Haber Yazarı:Adam Bowes | Mansour Mansour | Beth Alexander
Adam Bowes
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