{"id":8944,"date":"2026-03-23T10:36:29","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T10:36:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/?post_type=insight&#038;p=8944"},"modified":"2026-04-07T11:16:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T11:16:24","slug":"qa-hisse-satin-alma-sozlesmeleri","status":"publish","type":"insight","link":"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/tr\/icgoruler\/qa-share-purchase-agreements\/","title":{"rendered":"SORU-CEVAP: Hisse Sat\u0131n Alma S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Garantiler, tazminatlar, ko\u015fullar ve tamamlama mekanizmalar\u0131 \u2014 sorular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n yan\u0131tlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>S. Hisse Sat\u0131n Alma S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi nedir?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hisse sat\u0131n alma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (SPA), bir \u015firketteki hisselerin al\u0131m sat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen temel hukuki belgedir. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme, bedel, i\u015flemin tamamlanma ko\u015fullar\u0131, sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan verilen garantiler ve tazminatlar ile sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funa ili\u015fkin s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar dahil olmak \u00fczere, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n hisseleri satmay\u0131 ve al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n hisseleri almay\u0131 kabul etti\u011fi \u015fartlar\u0131 belirler.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130yi haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir SPA \u015fu hususlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir: taraflar\u0131n kimlikleri ve sat\u0131lan hisseler; bedel ve bunun hesaplanma \u015fekli; i\u015flemin tamamlanabilmesi i\u00e7in yerine getirilmesi gereken ko\u015fullar; hisse devri ile i\u015flemin tamamlanmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemde her iki taraf\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri; i\u015fletmenin durumu hakk\u0131nda sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi garantiler; belirlenen risklere ili\u015fkin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6zel tazminat; sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funa ili\u015fkin s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar; ve rekabet etmeme k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 gibi i\u015flemin tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonraki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SPA\u2019ya genellikle bir a\u00e7\u0131klama mektubu (sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n belirli hususlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayarak garantileri s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 belge), bir vergi taahh\u00fctnamesi veya vergi senedi ve muhtemelen g\u00f6revde kalacak y\u00f6netim kadrosu i\u00e7in i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, m\u00fclk devirleri ve fikri m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n devri gibi bir dizi yard\u0131mc\u0131 belge e\u015flik eder.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>S. Hisse Sat\u0131n Alma S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde Genellikle Hangi Garantiler Verilir?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir SPA\u2019daki garantiler, sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan hedef \u015firketin durumu hakk\u0131nda verilen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye dayal\u0131 taahh\u00fctlerdir. Bir garantinin do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa ve bunun sonucunda al\u0131c\u0131 zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcrse, al\u0131c\u0131 tazminat talebinde bulunma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Garantiler \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli konular\u0131 kapsar ve orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir SPA\u2019da genellikle bir\u00e7ok sayfay\u0131 kaplar.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Garantinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca kategorileri \u015funlard\u0131r:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u00fclkiyet garantileri \u2014 sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, sat\u0131lan hisselerin sahibi oldu\u011funu, bu hisselerin herhangi bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckten muaf oldu\u011funu ve bunlar\u0131 satmak i\u00e7in yasal ehliyete sahip oldu\u011funu teyit eder.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mali tablolar\u0131n g\u00fcvence beyanlar\u0131 \u2014 en son denetlenmi\u015f mali tablolar\u0131n, \u015firketin mali durumunu do\u011fru ve ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun bir \u015fekilde yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 teyit eden beyanlar.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ticari garantiler \u2014 \u015firketin son hesap tarihi itibar\u0131yla ola\u011fan i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ve \u00f6nemli bir olumsuz de\u011fi\u015fiklik ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 teyit eden belgeler.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u00f6zle\u015fme garantileri \u2014 m\u00fclkiyet de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle feshedilecek veya bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikten etkilenecek \u00f6nemli bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015firketin \u00f6nemli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 teyit etmek.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0130stihdam garantileri \u2014 beyan edilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bilgilerinin do\u011frulu\u011funun teyit edilmesi, a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015f ikramiye veya sosyal hak d\u00fczenlemelerinin bulunmamas\u0131 ve devam eden i\u015f uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fikri m\u00fclkiyet garantileri \u2014 \u015firketin, ticari markalar, yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar, veritabanlar\u0131 ve alan adlar\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere temel fikri m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funu (veya bunlar\u0131 kullanma hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funu) teyit eden garantiler.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vergi teminatlar\u0131 \u2014 \u015firketin vergi i\u015flerinin d\u00fczenli oldu\u011funu, t\u00fcm beyannamelerin sunuldu\u011funu ve \u00f6denmesi gereken t\u00fcm vergilerin \u00f6dendi\u011fini teyit eden belgeler.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dava garantileri \u2014 \u015firket aleyhine halihaz\u0131rda devam eden veya a\u00e7\u0131lma ihtimali bulunan herhangi bir hukuki i\u015flem bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 teyit eden garantiler.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u00fclkiyet garantileri \u2014 beyan edilen m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu ve ev sahipleri veya kom\u015fularla aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir ihtilaf bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 teyit eder.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Garantilerin kapsam\u0131 ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 yo\u011fun m\u00fczakerelere konu olur. Sat\u0131c\u0131lar bunlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, al\u0131c\u0131lar ise m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en geni\u015f korumay\u0131 elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>S. Hisse Sat\u0131n Alma S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde Garanti ile Tazminat Aras\u0131ndaki Fark Nedir?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu, SPA hukukundaki en \u00f6nemli ayr\u0131mlardan biridir ve taleplerin nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirilece\u011fi ile al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar tazminat alabilece\u011fi konusunda son derece pratik sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furan bir ayr\u0131md\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Garanti&nbsp;<\/strong>bir olgunun do\u011fru oldu\u011funa dair s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye dayal\u0131 bir taahh\u00fctt\u00fcr. Garantinin ihlali durumunda, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n hukuki yolu, hisselerin de\u011fer kayb\u0131 nedeniyle tazminat talebinde bulunmakt\u0131r \u2014 bu, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6dedi\u011fi tutar ile garantinin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 durumunda \u00f6deyece\u011fi tutar aras\u0131ndaki farkt\u0131r. Al\u0131c\u0131, ihlali kan\u0131tlamal\u0131, zarar\u0131 \u2018de\u011fer kayb\u0131\u2019 esas\u0131na g\u00f6re hesaplamal\u0131, zarar\u0131 hafifletici \u00f6nlemler almal\u0131 ve hak talebinin zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011framadan \u00f6nce harekete ge\u00e7melidir. Garantiye ayk\u0131r\u0131 bilgilerin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131, hak talebini ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lar.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tazminat&nbsp;<\/strong>Bu, belirli bir zarar\u0131n meydana gelmesi durumunda al\u0131c\u0131ya bu zarar\u0131n tam olarak kar\u015f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131na dair s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye dayal\u0131 bir taahh\u00fctt\u00fcr. Tazminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, s\u00f6z konusu olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesiyle devreye girer; bunun bir garanti ihlali olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n. Hisse de\u011ferinde bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131na gerek yoktur, zarar\u0131 hafifletme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yoktur ve bilgilendirme, talebi ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lmaz. Sat\u0131c\u0131, sadece zarar\u0131 \u00f6der.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tazminat h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, belirli ve tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f riskler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r \u2014 \u00f6rne\u011fin, bilinen bir vergi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, devam eden bir ihtilaf, kamuya a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7evre sorunu veya gelecekte tazminat taleplerine yol a\u00e7abilecek tamamlanma \u00f6ncesi davran\u0131\u015flar. Garanti h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ise i\u015fletmenin tamam\u0131 genelinde genel bir koruma sa\u011flar.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>S. A\u00e7\u0131klama Mektubu nedir ve neden \u00f6nemlidir?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u00e7\u0131klama mektubu, Sat\u0131\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin imzalanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131c\u0131ya sunulan ve garantilerin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini belirleyen veya bu garantileri ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lan belirli hususlar\u0131 ortaya koyan bir belgedir. A\u00e7\u0131klama mektubunda adil ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde belirtilen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc husus, al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r; bu hususlar daha sonra bir garanti talebinin dayana\u011f\u0131 olamaz.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u00e7\u0131klama mektubu genellikle iki a\u015famada i\u015fler. Genel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k olan (\u00f6rne\u011fin \u015eirketler Sicili, Tapu Sicili ve HMRC\u2019ye yap\u0131lan bildirimler gibi) ve al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bilindi\u011fi varsay\u0131lan hususlar\u0131 ifade eder. \u00d6zel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar ise sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirli garantilerle ilgili olarak yap\u0131lan ve her biri bir a\u00e7\u0131klama dosyas\u0131nda yer alan ilgili belgelerle desteklenen spesifik beyanlard\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sat\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in bilgilendirme mektubu hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r \u2014 bu mektup, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n garantiler kapsam\u0131nda maruz kalabilece\u011fi riskleri s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131n\u0131n temel arac\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6nemli bir hususu a\u00e7\u0131klamayan bir sat\u0131c\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bu konudan haberdar oldu\u011funa samimi olarak inanm\u0131\u015f olsa bile, bu hususa ili\u015fkin bir garanti talebinden sorumlu tutulabilir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in de bilgilendirme mektubunun dikkatli bir \u015fekilde incelenmesi ayn\u0131 derecede \u00f6nemlidir. Belirsiz veya genel nitelikteki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar (\u2018\u015firketin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri veri odas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u015fekildedir\u2019) bir garanti niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yacak kadar yeterince spesifik olmayabilir; ancak a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gibi incelemeden imzalayan bir al\u0131c\u0131, olay ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftikten sonra a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n yetersiz oldu\u011funu iddia etmekte zorlanabilir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>S. Hisse sat\u0131n al\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6denecek bedel nas\u0131l hesaplan\u0131r ve d\u00fczeltilir?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hisse sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fleminde \u00f6denecek bedel, taraflar\u0131n ticari tercihlerine ve devral\u0131nan i\u015fletmenin niteli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131labilir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sabit fiyat \u2014&nbsp;<\/strong>Anla\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ve i\u015flemin tamamlanmas\u0131yla \u00f6denecek tek bir tutar. En basit yap\u0131 olmakla birlikte, i\u015flemin tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda i\u015fletmenin ger\u00e7ek mali durumunu yans\u0131tacak herhangi bir mekanizma sunmamaktad\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tamamlama hesaplar\u0131 mekanizmas\u0131 \u2014&nbsp;<\/strong>Fiyat, i\u015flemin tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, i\u015flem tarihinde i\u015fletmenin ger\u00e7ek i\u015fletme sermayesi, net borcu ve\/veya net varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tacak \u015fekilde, anla\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan hedef rakamla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ayarlan\u0131r. Bu, orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli piyasa i\u015flemlerinde en yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan mekanizmad\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kilitli kutu mekanizmas\u0131 \u2014&nbsp;<\/strong>Sat\u0131n alma bedeli, ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir bilan\u00e7o (\u2018locked box\u2019 tarihi) esas al\u0131narak belirlenir ve al\u0131c\u0131, bu tarihten itibaren ekonomik risk ve fayday\u0131 \u00fcstlenir. \u2018Locked box\u2019 tarihi ile i\u015flemin tamamlanmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemde, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fletmeden de\u011fer elde etmesi yasakt\u0131r (bu duruma \u201ds\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131\u201d denir). Fiyat kesinli\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel sermaye i\u015flemlerinde giderek daha yayg\u0131n hale gelmektedir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ertelenmi\u015f \u00f6deme \/ kazan\u00e7 pay\u0131 \u2014&nbsp;<\/strong>Fiyat\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ertelenir ve i\u015fin tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ya ko\u015fulsuz olarak (belirli bir tarihte) ya da \u015fartl\u0131 olarak (performans hedeflerinin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak) \u00f6denir. Ertelenmi\u015f bedel ve teminat konusundaki ayr\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcme bak\u0131n\u0131z.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uygun mekanizma, i\u015fin niteli\u011fine, taraflar\u0131n g\u00f6receli pazarl\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7lerine ve her iki taraf\u0131n risk i\u015ftah\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Al\u0131c\u0131lar genellikle tamamlanma hesaplar\u0131 mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 (tamamlanma an\u0131ndaki fiili duruma g\u00f6re ayarlama yapan); sat\u0131c\u0131lar ise genellikle \u2019kilitli kutu\u201d mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 (kesinlik sa\u011flayan) tercih ederler.&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":8945,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[87],"class_list":["post-8944","insight","type-insight","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-corporate","tag-richmond-office"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Warranties, indemnities, conditions and completion mechanics \u2014 your questions answered Q. What is a Share Purchase Agreement? 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What is a Share Purchase Agreement? A share purchase agreement (SPA) is the principal legal document governing the sale and purchase of shares in a company. 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