{"id":6525,"date":"2025-07-08T13:49:43","date_gmt":"2025-07-08T13:49:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/?post_type=knowledge-base&#038;p=6525"},"modified":"2026-04-16T09:55:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T09:55:35","slug":"quest-ce-que-le-droit-de-preemption","status":"publish","type":"knowledge-base","link":"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/base-de-connaissances\/quest-ce-que-le-droit-de-preemption\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu'est-ce que le droit de premier refus ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/categorie\/dentreprise\/\">corporate<\/a> and commercial transactions, the term \u201cright of first refusal\u201d (ROFR)&nbsp;frequently&nbsp;appears in contracts, shareholder <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/conventions-dachat-dactions-qa\/\">agreements<\/a>, and joint <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/base-de-connaissances\/quest-ce-quune-entreprise-commune-dans-limmobilier\/\">venture<\/a> arrangements.&nbsp;Though often used interchangeably with other pre-emption rights, the <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/le-droit-de-preemption-informations-essentielles-pour-les-proprietaires-et-les-locataires\/\">right<\/a> of first refusal carries distinct implications and should be carefully negotiated and clearly drafted to avoid disputes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cet article donne un aper\u00e7u d\u00e9taill\u00e9 du droit de pr\u00e9emption, notamment de son fonctionnement, des sc\u00e9narios typiques dans lesquels il intervient, de son application dans le contexte d'un actionnariat ou d'une coentreprise, et des consid\u00e9rations essentielles \u00e0 prendre en compte lors de la n\u00e9gociation et de la r\u00e9daction de ces droits.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Comprendre le droit de premier refus<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A right of first refusal is a contractual right that gives a specified party the option to&nbsp;enter into&nbsp;a transaction before the asset holder offers it to a third party. In practice, this means that if the owner of an asset (such as shares, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/categorie\/contentieux-immobilier\/\">propri\u00e9t\u00e9<\/a>, ou <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/services\/droit-des-affaires\/contentieux-commercial\/droits-dauteur-medias-et-propriete-intellectuelle\/\">intellectual property<\/a>) intends to sell or transfer it, the holder of the ROFR can match the terms of a third-party offer or to purchase the asset on agreed terms before it is offered more widely.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ROFR provisions are widely used as a mechanism to&nbsp;maintain&nbsp;control over who may become a stakeholder in a <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/contrats-dentreprise-qa\/\">business<\/a> or gain access to valuable assets. They act as a safeguard, giving existing investors, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/qa-accords-dactionnaires\/\">shareholders<\/a>, ou <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/les-defis-des-baux-commerciaux-les-options-strategiques-pour-les-proprietaires-en-cas-dinsolvabilite-dun-locataire\/\">strategic<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/etiquette\/partenaires\/\">partenaires<\/a> a chance to prevent undesired third parties from entering a venture.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Principales caract\u00e9ristiques du ROFR<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bien que les conditions sp\u00e9cifiques puissent varier, les ROFR pr\u00e9sentent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les caract\u00e9ristiques suivantes :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00c9v\u00e9nement d\u00e9clencheur<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le ROFR est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00e9clench\u00e9 lorsque le vendeur re\u00e7oit une offre de bonne foi de la part d'un tiers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Obligation de notification<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le vendeur doit notifier l'offre au d\u00e9tenteur du ROFR et fournir suffisamment de d\u00e9tails (y compris le prix et les conditions mat\u00e9rielles).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>P\u00e9riode d'exercice<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le d\u00e9tenteur du ROFR dispose g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d'un d\u00e9lai fixe pour d\u00e9cider s'il s'aligne sur l'offre.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Restrictions de transfert<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the ROFR holder declines the offer, the seller is then <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/les-moyens-de-defense-contre-la-diffamation-un-guide-rapide-pour-proteger-la-liberte-dexpression-et-la-reputation\/\">free<\/a> to&nbsp;proceed&nbsp;with the sale to the third party, usually on the same or better terms.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il est important de distinguer un ROFR d'un droit de premi\u00e8re offre (ROFO). Un ROFO donne au d\u00e9tenteur la possibilit\u00e9 de faire une offre avant que le bien ne soit commercialis\u00e9, alors qu'un ROFR est r\u00e9actif et s'applique apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9ception d'une offre d'un tiers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>ROFR dans les conventions d'actionnaires<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/qa-le-droit-du-travail-dans-le-contexte-de-lentreprise\/\">context<\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/base-de-connaissances\/client-prive\/\">private<\/a> companies, particularly those with multiple shareholders, ROFR provisions are commonly embedded in shareholder agreements to control the transfer of shares. These rights serve to protect existing shareholders from having unknown or unwanted third parties&nbsp;acquire&nbsp;shares, potentially&nbsp;impacting&nbsp;control or direction of the company.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Structure typique d'une clause :<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D\u00e9clencheur<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un actionnaire propose de vendre ses actions \u00e0 un tiers acqu\u00e9reur.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Offre aux actionnaires existants<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L'actionnaire vendeur doit offrir les actions aux autres actionnaires aux m\u00eames conditions que l'offre du tiers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Droits au prorata<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The offer may be extended on a pro-rata basis, allowing each shareholder to&nbsp;purchase&nbsp;a proportionate <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/wpcode\/temporary-phone-number-overwrite-for-immigration-pages\/\">number<\/a> of shares based on existing ownership.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ach\u00e8vement<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si les actionnaires refusent d'acheter, le vendeur peut proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la vente \u00e0 un tiers, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement dans un d\u00e9lai limit\u00e9 et \u00e0 des conditions qui ne sont pas plus favorables que celles qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 refus\u00e9es.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce type d'accord est \u00e9troitement li\u00e9 aux droits de pr\u00e9emption, bien qu'il existe une distinction subtile. Les droits de pr\u00e9emption font souvent r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux droits des actionnaires existants d'acheter de nouvelles actions lors d'une \u00e9mission (pour \u00e9viter la dilution) et dans de nombreux accords, les deux types de droits coexistent.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>ROFR dans les coentreprises<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans les accords de coentreprise, le ROFR peut \u00eatre particuli\u00e8rement important pour g\u00e9rer les strat\u00e9gies de sortie et maintenir l'\u00e9quilibre strat\u00e9gique entre les partenaires.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un sc\u00e9nario typique est celui o\u00f9 l'une des parties \u00e0 l'entreprise commune souhaite se retirer en vendant sa participation. Le ROFR permet aux parties restantes d'acqu\u00e9rir cette participation en priorit\u00e9. Cela permet d'\u00e9viter qu'un concurrent ou une entit\u00e9 non align\u00e9e n'acqui\u00e8re une position d'influence au sein de l'entreprise commune.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certains accords de JV vont plus loin en incluant des droits de \u201ctag-along\u201d et de \u201cdrag-along\u201d, en conjonction avec un ROFR, offrant des m\u00e9canismes de sortie plus complexes. Les ROFR peuvent \u00e9galement interagir avec des accords de gouvernance plus larges, tels que les questions r\u00e9serv\u00e9es ou la composition du conseil d'administration, d'o\u00f9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d'\u00e9valuer l'ensemble du contexte commercial.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Autres utilisations courantes<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les dispositions relatives aux ROFR figurent \u00e9galement dans :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Baux commerciaux<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tenants may have a ROFR to&nbsp;purchase&nbsp;the property if the <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/guide-pour-les-bailleurs-commerciaux-lacceptation-dun-loyer-par-un-agent-equivaut-elle-a-une-renonciation-au-droit-de-confiscation\/\">landlord<\/a> decides to sell.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Accords de licence<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans les secteurs \u00e0 forte intensit\u00e9 de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle, les donneurs de licence peuvent accorder aux preneurs de licence un droit de retour sur les droits futurs ou la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle, ce qui leur permet d'accepter l'offre avant qu'elle ne soit transmise \u00e0 d'autres.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Accords de fourniture<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/le-guide-essentiel-pour-les-acheteurs-dun-premier-logement\/\">Buyers<\/a> may seek a ROFR for key components or raw materials&nbsp;in the event of&nbsp;a sale by the <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/les-risques-de-fraude-dans-les-relations-commerciales-lorsque-votre-partenaire-ou-fournisseur-nest-pas-ce-quil-semble-etre\/\">supplier<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>N\u00e9gociation et r\u00e9daction de clauses ROFR<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les clauses de ROFR bien r\u00e9dig\u00e9es doivent \u00eatre claires, sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 et adapt\u00e9es au contexte sp\u00e9cifique de la transaction. Les points cl\u00e9s \u00e0 prendre en compte sont les suivants :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. Champ d'application : D\u00e9finir exactement l'actif auquel le ROFR s'applique, par exemple, les actions ordinaires uniquement ou toutes les participations ?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. \u00c9v\u00e9nements d\u00e9clencheurs : Le ROFR doit-il s'appliquer uniquement aux ventes ou \u00e9galement aux dons, restructurations ou transferts au sein d'un groupe ?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. Conditions de l'offre : Le vendeur doit-il \u00eatre tenu de divulguer toutes les conditions mat\u00e9rielles de l'offre d'un tiers, ou seulement le prix ?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. D\u00e9lai de r\u00e9ponse : pr\u00e9voir un d\u00e9lai suffisant pour permettre au d\u00e9tenteur du ROFR d'\u00e9valuer la situation et d'organiser le financement si n\u00e9cessaire.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5. Non-Compliance: What are the <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/les-marqueurs-cifas-expliques-causes-consequences-et-solutions\/\">consequences<\/a> if a sale&nbsp;proceeds&nbsp;in <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/que-faire-si-votre-locataire-commercial-ne-respecte-pas-le-bail\/\">breach<\/a> of the ROFR? Is it void, or does it give rise to damages?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. Exclusions : Les transferts \u00e0 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es, \u00e0 des membres de la famille ou \u00e0 des fiducies doivent-ils \u00eatre exclus du champ d'application du ROFR ?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is also important to consider anti-avoidance provisions. For example, preventing parties from circumventing the ROFR by <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/qa-business-structuring-investment\/\">structuring<\/a> a transaction as an asset sale rather than a share sale.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Comment nous pouvons vous aider<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The right of first refusal is a powerful tool in corporate and <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/services\/droit-des-affaires\/entreprise-entreprise\/contrats-commerciaux\/\">commercial agreements<\/a>, but one that requires careful <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/protection-de-la-contrepartie-differee-dans-le-cadre-dune-cession-dactions\/\">consideration<\/a>. While it provides protection for existing stakeholders, it can also introduce complexity and potentially hinder third-party transactions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whether you are a founder entering into a shareholder <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/base-de-connaissances\/ai-je-besoin-dune-convention-dactionnaires\/\">agreement<\/a> or a joint venture partner <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/rediger-un-testament-et-planifier-son-avenir\/\">planning<\/a> an exit, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/comprendre-les-prets-relais-un-filet-de-securite-pour-les-emprunteurs-dans-le-besoin\/\">understanding<\/a> how ROFRs function (and how they differ from other pre-emption rights) is vital to safeguarding your interests.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you are considering entering into an agreement involving ROFR provisions, are unsure how they may apply to your business, or would like to create a new agreement, we recommend seeking legal advice early in the negotiation process. At Ronald <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/\">Fletcher<\/a> Baker, we have extensive experience drafting and negotiating corporate and commercial agreements across a wide range of sectors and deal types.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For tailored advice, please <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/nous-contacter\/\">contact<\/a> Olivia Crolla (Associate Solicitor) at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:o.crolla@rfblegal.co.uk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">o.crolla@rfblegal.co.uk<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":6660,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6525","knowledge-base","type-knowledge-base","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-corporate"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In corporate and commercial transactions, the term \u201cright of first refusal\u201d (ROFR) frequently appears in contracts, shareholder agreements, and joint venture arrangements. Though often used interchangeably with other pre-emption rights, the right of first refusal carries distinct implications and should be carefully negotiated and clearly drafted to avoid disputes. 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Though often used interchangeably with other pre-emption rights, the right of first refusal carries distinct implications and should be carefully negotiated and clearly drafted to avoid disputes. 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Though often used interchangeably with other pre-emption rights, the right of first refusal carries distinct implications and should be carefully negotiated and clearly drafted to avoid disputes. 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