{"id":3410,"date":"2022-08-04T11:09:48","date_gmt":"2022-08-04T11:09:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/?post_type=insight&#038;p=3410"},"modified":"2024-02-27T13:41:29","modified_gmt":"2024-02-27T13:41:29","slug":"explorer-le-bitcoin-et-la-juridiction","status":"publish","type":"insight","link":"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/fr\/perspectives\/explorer-le-bitcoin-et-la-juridiction\/","title":{"rendered":"Exploration de Bitcoin et de la juridiction"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-lg-font-size\"><strong>Les cryptomonnaies \u00e9chappent-elles au champ d'application du droit traditionnel ? Le d\u00e9partement de droit p\u00e9nal examine une affaire intrigante qui a plac\u00e9 les juges face \u00e0 un dilemme lorsqu'elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 port\u00e9e devant la Haute Cour.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Le 25 mars 2022, la Haute Cour a rendu un arr\u00eat qui abordait des questions importantes relatives \u00e0 la comp\u00e9tence juridictionnelle et aux cryptomonnaies dans l\u2019affaire Tulip Trading Ltd (TTL) c. Bitcoin Association for BSV, le Bitcoin original.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">La plaignante, TTL, est une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 holding du Dr Craig Wright, constitu\u00e9e aux Seychelles. TTL a affirm\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e de l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 son compte Bitcoin \u00e0 la suite d'un piratage de l'ordinateur du Dr Wright, et que des bitcoins d'une valeur de 1,1 million de livres sterling appartenant \u00e0 TTL avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9s lors de ce piratage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">De plus, les cl\u00e9s priv\u00e9es n\u00e9cessaires pour acc\u00e9der au compte avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9es puis supprim\u00e9es de l'ordinateur du Dr Wright. Par cons\u00e9quent, TTL n'\u00e9tait pas en mesure d'acc\u00e9der aux bitcoins ni de les contr\u00f4ler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Contrairement \u00e0 d'autres piratages de cryptomonnaies observ\u00e9s r\u00e9cemment, les bitcoins en question n'avaient en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pas \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9rob\u00e9s de leur emplacement d'origine ni transf\u00e9r\u00e9s ailleurs. Cependant, en l'absence des cl\u00e9s priv\u00e9es, TTL n'a pas pu y acc\u00e9der.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Dans ce contexte, TTL n'a pas engag\u00e9 de poursuites contre les auteurs pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s du piratage. Elle a en revanche engag\u00e9 une action en justice contre les 16 d\u00e9veloppeurs principaux (les d\u00e9fendeurs) qui contr\u00f4laient le logiciel relatif aux \u2018 r\u00e9seaux \u2019 sur lesquels les bitcoins \u00e9taient stock\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">TTL a fait valoir que les d\u00e9fendeurs avaient l'obligation fiduciaire ou d\u00e9lictuelle d'aider TTL \u00e0 reprendre le contr\u00f4le et l'usage des bitcoins. Si cela s'av\u00e9rait impossible, TTL demandait une indemnisation \u00e9quitable ou des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats au cas o\u00f9 la premi\u00e8re solution ne serait pas couronn\u00e9e de succ\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment d\u00e9terminant dans cette affaire \u00e9tait le fait qu\u2019aucun des d\u00e9fendeurs n\u2019\u00e9tait \u00e9tabli sur le territoire de l\u2019Angleterre et du Pays de Galles. Par cons\u00e9quent, contrairement \u00e0 un proc\u00e8s en bonne et due forme, le jugement portait en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sur une requ\u00eate provisoire li\u00e9e sp\u00e9cifiquement \u00e0 la contestation, par plusieurs d\u00e9fendeurs, de la comp\u00e9tence du tribunal et de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 autoriser la signification en dehors de l\u2019Angleterre et du Pays de Galles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Pour que les d\u00e9fendeurs obtiennent gain de cause dans leur recours en irrecevabilit\u00e9, les conditions suivantes devaient \u00eatre remplies :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">Il fallait d\u00e9terminer s'il y avait lieu de juger une affaire grave<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">S'il existait des arguments solides permettant de soutenir que l'affaire relevait d'un ou de plusieurs des crit\u00e8res de comp\u00e9tence \u00e9nonc\u00e9s au paragraphe 3.1 de la directive CPR PD 6B ; et<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">Que ce soit dans toutes les circonstances :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">1. L'Angleterre est manifestement ou clairement la juridiction comp\u00e9tente pour conna\u00eetre du litige ; et<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">2. Le tribunal devrait faire usage de son pouvoir d'appr\u00e9ciation pour autoriser la signification des actes de proc\u00e9dure en dehors de son ressort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">Compte tenu de ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de, le tribunal a estim\u00e9 que TTL n'avait pas d\u00e9montr\u00e9 l'existence d'un litige s\u00e9rieux justifiant un examen au fond de sa demande. En outre, il a jug\u00e9 que les promoteurs n'avaient aucune obligation fiduciaire envers TTL, pour les raisons suivantes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">On ne saurait raisonnablement affirmer que les d\u00e9tenteurs de bitcoins ont confi\u00e9 leurs biens \u00e0 un groupe de d\u00e9veloppeurs informatiques non identifi\u00e9 et soumis \u00e0 des fluctuations<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">La caract\u00e9ristique distinctive d\u2019une relation fiduciaire r\u00e9side dans l\u2019obligation de \u2018 loyaut\u00e9 sans r\u00e9serve \u2019. Or, les mesures que TTL a exig\u00e9 des d\u00e9fendeurs \u2013 telles que la conception et la mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019un \u2018 correctif \u2019 logiciel permettant \u00e0 TTL de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer les bitcoins \u2013 n\u2019auraient profit\u00e9 qu\u2019\u00e0 TTL, et non aux autres utilisateurs du r\u00e9seau. En effet, le tribunal a estim\u00e9 que les modifications demand\u00e9es par TTL pourraient m\u00eame \u00eatre pr\u00e9judiciables aux autres utilisateurs du r\u00e9seau ; et<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">Les exigences de TTL auraient pu exposer les d\u00e9fendeurs \u00e0 des risques ; par exemple, si les d\u00e9veloppeurs avaient cr\u00e9\u00e9 le correctif logiciel pour TTL, il aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 possible que des pr\u00e9tendants potentiels au Bitcoin puissent faire valoir une revendication l\u00e9gitime \u00e0 l'encontre des d\u00e9fendeurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">On peut d\u00e9duire de cette issue que, bien que cette affaire ait laiss\u00e9 ouverte une voie \u00e9troite vers la responsabilit\u00e9 et la r\u00e9paration, l'arr\u00eat pourrait \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme mettant en \u00e9vidence les principales pr\u00e9occupations selon lesquelles le droit de la responsabilit\u00e9 civile et la common law pourraient se r\u00e9v\u00e9ler incapables de s'adapter aux nouvelles technologies et aux structures d'affaires et commerciales typiquement internationales ou transfrontali\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Par ailleurs, si la l\u00e9gislation et la r\u00e9glementation constituent la seule voie viable, celles-ci doivent refl\u00e9ter une coop\u00e9ration internationale. \u00c0 moins que cette coop\u00e9ration ne soit mondiale, ses chances d'\u00eatre efficace sont limit\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><em>Cela soul\u00e8ve la question suivante : cela signifie-t-il que le Bitcoin et les autres cryptomonnaies \u00e9chappent au champ d'application du droit traditionnel ?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">La r\u00e9ponse est en train d'\u00eatre \u00e9lucid\u00e9e et il sera int\u00e9ressant de voir comment l'\u00e9volution juridique dans ce domaine va se d\u00e9rouler au cours des prochaines ann\u00e9es, notamment compte tenu de la r\u00e9cente volatilit\u00e9 du Bitcoin et d'autres cryptomonnaies, qui pourrait bien faire subir des pertes \u00e0 de nombreux investisseurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><strong>Pour plus d'informations, veuillez contacter Piers Desser au<em> 020 7613 1402 ou\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><a href=\"mailto:p.desser@rfblegal.co.uk\"><em><strong>courriel<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3411,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3410","insight","type-insight","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Are cryptocurrencies outside the reach of conventional law? 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