{"id":8944,"date":"2026-03-23T10:36:29","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T10:36:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/?post_type=insight&#038;p=8944"},"modified":"2026-04-07T11:16:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T11:16:24","slug":"acuerdos-de-compra-de-acciones-de-qa","status":"publish","type":"insight","link":"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/acuerdos-de-compra-de-acciones-de-qa\/","title":{"rendered":"PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS: Acuerdos de compra de acciones\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Warranties, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/warranties-and-indemnities-in-share-purchase-agreements\/\">indemnities<\/a>,&nbsp;conditions&nbsp;and completion mechanics \u2014 your questions answered<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Q. \u00bfQu\u00e9 es un contrato de compraventa de acciones?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A share purchase <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/base-de-conocimientos\/necesito-un-acuerdo-de-accionistas\/\">agreement<\/a> (SPA) is the principal legal document governing the sale and purchase of shares in a company. It sets out the terms on which the seller agrees to&nbsp;sell&nbsp;and the buyer agrees to buy the shares, including the <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/proteger-la-contraprestacion-diferida-en-una-venta-de-acciones\/\">consideration<\/a>, the mechanics of completion, the warranties and indemnities given by the seller and the limitations on the seller&#8217;s liability.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A well-drafted SPA <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/puede-un-testamento-anular-mis-acuerdos-anteriores\/\">will<\/a> cover: the identity of the parties and the shares being sold; the consideration and how it is calculated; any <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/datos-del-cliente\/\">conditions<\/a> that must be satisfied before completion can occur; the obligations of both parties between exchange and completion; the seller&#8217;s warranties <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/acerca-de-nosotros\/\">about<\/a> the state of the <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/contratos-comerciales-qa\/\">business<\/a>; any specific indemnities for identified risks; limitations on the seller&#8217;s liability; and post-completion obligations such as <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/derecho-personal\/empleo-2\/pactos-restrictivos\/\">non-compete<\/a> restrictions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SPA is usually accompanied by a <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/ordenes-de-divulgacion\/\">disclosure<\/a> letter (in which the seller qualifies the warranties by&nbsp;disclosing&nbsp;specific matters), a tax covenant or tax <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/base-de-conocimientos\/que-es-una-escritura-de-modificacion-de-testamento\/\">deed<\/a>, and potentially a suite of ancillary <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/guia-para-el-nuevo-ejercicio-financiero-para-que-los-documentos-juridicos-de-su-empresa-esten-al-dia\/\">documents<\/a> entre otros <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/ley-de-derechos-laborales-de-2025-guia-practica-para-empresarios\/\">employment<\/a> agreements for&nbsp;retained&nbsp;management, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/categoria\/litigios-inmobiliarios\/\">propiedad<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/base-de-conocimientos\/las-donaciones-en-vida-se-deducen-de-los-ingresos\/\">transfers<\/a>, and IP assignments.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Q. \u00bfQu\u00e9 garant\u00edas se suelen ofrecer en un contrato de compraventa de acciones?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Warranties in an SPA are contractual assurances given by the seller about the state of the target company. If a <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/lista-de-comprobacion-de-reclamaciones-por-incumplimiento-de-garantias-en-litigios-sobre-contratos-de-compraventa-de-acciones\/\">warranty<\/a> proves to be untrue and the buyer suffers loss as a result, the buyer has a claim in damages. Warranties cover a broad range of matters and typically run to many pages in a mid-market SPA.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las principales categor\u00edas de garant\u00eda incluyen:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Title warranties \u2014 confirming that the seller owns the shares being sold, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/defensas-frente-a-la-difamacion-una-guia-rapida-para-proteger-la-libertad-de-expresion-y-la-reputacion\/\">free<\/a> from encumbrances, and has the legal <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/la-regla-de-oro-y-la-capacidad-para-testar\/\">capacity<\/a> to sell them.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Garant\u00edas contables: confirman que las cuentas auditadas m\u00e1s recientes ofrecen una imagen fiel de la situaci\u00f3n financiera de la empresa.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Garant\u00edas comerciales: confirman que, desde la \u00faltima fecha de cierre de cuentas, la empresa ha operado en el curso ordinario de sus negocios y no se han producido cambios adversos importantes.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Contracts warranties \u2014 confirming that there are no material contracts that will&nbsp;terminate&nbsp;or be affected by the change of ownership, and that the company is not in <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/que-hacer-si-su-inquilino-comercial-incumple-el-contrato-de-arrendamiento\/\">breach<\/a> of its material contracts.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Employment warranties \u2014 confirming the accuracy of the disclosed employee information, the absence of undisclosed bonus or benefit arrangements, and the absence of active <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/derecho-personal\/empleo-2\/\">employment disputes<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/derecho-mercantil\/litigios-comerciales\/derechos-de-autor-medios-de-comunicacion-e-ip\/\">Propiedad intelectual<\/a> warranties \u2014 confirming the company&#8217;s ownership of (or <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/el-derecho-de-adquisicion-preferente-claves-para-propietarios-e-inquilinos\/\">right<\/a> to use) its key intellectual property, including&nbsp;trade marks, software,&nbsp;databases&nbsp;and domain names.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tax warranties \u2014 confirming that the company&#8217;s tax affairs are in order, all returns have been filed and all tax due has been <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/base-de-conocimientos\/guia-para-propietarios-de-viviendas-que-hacer-si-el-inquilino-no-paga-el-alquiler-en-el-reino-unido\/\">paid<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/etiqueta\/litigation-team-br\/\">Litigios<\/a> warranties \u2014 confirming that there are no current or threatened legal proceedings against the company.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Property warranties \u2014 confirming the accuracy of the disclosed property interests and the absence of material disputes with <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/guia-del-arrendador-de-locales-comerciales-constituye-la-aceptacion-del-alquiler-por-un-agente-una-renuncia-al-derecho-de-caducidad\/\">propietarios<\/a> or neighbours.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The scope and detail of warranties is heavily negotiated. Sellers&nbsp;seek&nbsp;to limit them; <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/la-guia-esencial-para-quienes-compran-una-vivienda-por-primera-vez\/\">compradores<\/a> seek the broadest possible protection.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Q. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la diferencia entre una garant\u00eda y una indemnizaci\u00f3n en un contrato de compraventa de acciones?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is one of the most important distinctions in SPA law, and one that has very practical <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/los-marcadores-cifas-explicados-causas-consecuencias-y-soluciones\/\">consequences<\/a> for how <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/reclamaciones-por-deterioro-guia-para-propietarios-de-viviendas-privadas\/\">claims<\/a> are assessed and what the buyer can recover.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Una garant\u00eda&nbsp;<\/strong>is a contractual promise that a statement of fact is true. If the warranty is breached, the buyer&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/base-de-conocimientos\/indemnizacion-economica-por-que-no-lanzarse-a-la-aventura\/\">remedy<\/a> is a claim in damages for the diminution in value of the shares \u2014 the difference between what the buyer paid and what it would have paid had the warranty been true. The buyer must prove breach, quantify the loss on a &#8216;diminution in value&#8217; basis, mitigate its loss, and act before the claim becomes&nbsp;statute-barred. Disclosure against a warranty defeats the claim.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Una indemnizaci\u00f3n&nbsp;<\/strong>es una promesa contractual de reembolsar al comprador libra por libra por una p\u00e9rdida espec\u00edfica si se produce. La indemnizaci\u00f3n se activa al producirse el hecho especificado, independientemente de si equivale a un incumplimiento de la garant\u00eda. No es necesario demostrar una reducci\u00f3n del valor de la acci\u00f3n, no hay obligaci\u00f3n de mitigar el da\u00f1o y la revelaci\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n no anula la reclamaci\u00f3n. El vendedor simplemente paga la p\u00e9rdida.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las indemnizaciones se utilizan para riesgos espec\u00edficos e identificados: una obligaci\u00f3n fiscal conocida, un litigio en curso, un problema medioambiental revelado o una conducta previa a la finalizaci\u00f3n que pueda dar lugar a futuras reclamaciones. Las garant\u00edas ofrecen una protecci\u00f3n general para toda la empresa.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Q. \u00bfQu\u00e9 es una carta de informaci\u00f3n y por qu\u00e9 es importante?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A disclosure letter is a document provided by the seller to the buyer at exchange of the SPA, setting out specific matters that qualify or override the warranties. Any <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/al-considerar-la-seccion-9-de-la-ley-de-arbitraje-de-1996-cual-es-el-asunto\/\">asunto<\/a> that is fairly and specifically&nbsp;disclosed&nbsp;in the disclosure letter is&nbsp;deemed&nbsp;accepted by the buyer \u2014 it cannot&nbsp;subsequently&nbsp;form the basis of a warranty claim.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La carta de informaci\u00f3n suele tener dos niveles. Las declaraciones generales se refieren a asuntos que est\u00e1n a disposici\u00f3n del p\u00fablico (como los registros en el Registro Mercantil, el Registro de la Propiedad y la Agencia Tributaria) y que el comprador considera conocidos. Las declaraciones espec\u00edficas son afirmaciones concretas realizadas por el vendedor en relaci\u00f3n con determinadas garant\u00edas, cada una de ellas respaldada por los documentos pertinentes en un paquete de informaci\u00f3n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para los vendedores, la carta de comunicaci\u00f3n es de vital importancia, ya que es el principal mecanismo por el que el vendedor limita su exposici\u00f3n en virtud de las garant\u00edas. Un vendedor que no revele un asunto importante puede ser responsable de una reclamaci\u00f3n de garant\u00eda al respecto, incluso si realmente cre\u00eda que el comprador conoc\u00eda el problema.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For buyers,&nbsp;careful scrutiny&nbsp;of the disclosure letter is equally critical. Disclosures that are vague or generic (&#8216;the company&#8217;s contracts are as disclosed in the <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/actualizaciones-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-y-consideraciones-clave-para-las-empresas\/\">data<\/a> room&#8217;) may not be sufficiently specific to qualify a warranty \u2014 but a buyer who signs without properly reviewing the disclosures may find it difficult to argue that a disclosure was inadequate after the event.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Q. \u00bfC\u00f3mo se calcula y ajusta la contraprestaci\u00f3n por la compra de acciones?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The consideration in a share sale can be structured in&nbsp;various ways, depending on the <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/derecho-mercantil\/litigios-inmobiliarios-2\/empresas-ocupantes\/\">comercial<\/a> preferences of the parties and the nature of the business being&nbsp;acquired.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Precio fijo -&nbsp;<\/strong>una \u00fanica suma acordada en el momento del intercambio, pagadera en el momento de la conclusi\u00f3n. Es la estructura m\u00e1s sencilla, pero no ofrece ning\u00fan mecanismo que refleje la situaci\u00f3n financiera real de la empresa en el momento de la conclusi\u00f3n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mecanismo de cuentas de finalizaci\u00f3n -&nbsp;<\/strong>el precio se ajusta tras la conclusi\u00f3n para reflejar el capital circulante real, la deuda neta y\/o los activos netos de la empresa en la fecha de conclusi\u00f3n, en comparaci\u00f3n con una cifra objetivo acordada en el momento del intercambio. Este es el mecanismo m\u00e1s com\u00fan para las transacciones de mercado medio.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mecanismo de caja cerrada -&nbsp;<\/strong>the consideration is fixed by reference to a historical balance sheet (the &#8216;locked box&#8217; date), and the buyer <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/deniz-oguzkanli-asume-el-cargo-de-socio-principal-de-rfb\/\">takes<\/a> economic risk and benefit from that date. Between the locked box date and completion, the seller is prohibited from extracting value from the business (known as &#8216;leakage&#8217;). Increasingly common in <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/base-de-conocimientos\/cliente-privado\/\">private<\/a> equity transactions as it provides price certainty.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Deferred consideration \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/litigios-sobre-contratos-de-adquisicion-de-acciones-litigios-sobre-clausulas-de-earn-out\/\">earn-out<\/a> \u2014&nbsp;<\/strong>part of the price is deferred and payable after completion, either unconditionally (on a fixed date) or contingently (subject to performance targets being met). See the separate chapter on deferred consideration and <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/qa-deferred-consideration-security\/\">security<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El mecanismo adecuado depende de la naturaleza de la empresa, de la posici\u00f3n negociadora de las partes y de la propensi\u00f3n al riesgo de ambas partes. Los compradores suelen preferir un mecanismo de cuentas de cierre (que se ajusta a la posici\u00f3n real en el momento del cierre); los vendedores suelen preferir una caja cerrada (que ofrece seguridad).&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":8945,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[87],"class_list":["post-8944","insight","type-insight","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-corporate","tag-richmond-office"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Warranties, indemnities, conditions and completion mechanics \u2014 your questions answered Q. What is a Share Purchase Agreement? 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What is a Share Purchase Agreement? A share purchase agreement (SPA) is the principal legal document governing the sale and purchase of shares in a company. It sets out the terms on which the seller agrees to sell and the buyer agrees to buy the shares, including the consideration,\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/acuerdos-de-compra-de-acciones-de-qa\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/header_company_logo.svg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/header_company_logo.svg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-23T10:36:29+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-07T11:16:24+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Q&amp;A: Share Purchase Agreements - RFB Legal\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Warranties, indemnities, conditions and completion mechanics \u2014 your questions answered Q. What is a Share Purchase Agreement? A share purchase agreement (SPA) is the principal legal document governing the sale and purchase of shares in a company. 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