{"id":8903,"date":"2026-03-20T14:35:24","date_gmt":"2026-03-20T14:35:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/?post_type=insight&#038;p=8903"},"modified":"2026-04-07T11:36:47","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T11:36:47","slug":"guia-para-comprar-una-pyme-en-el-reino-unido","status":"publish","type":"insight","link":"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/guia-para-comprar-una-pyme-en-el-reino-unido\/","title":{"rendered":"Gu\u00eda para comprar una PYME en el Reino Unido\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acquiring&nbsp;a small or medium-sized enterprise (SME) can be one of the most rewarding <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/contratos-comerciales-qa\/\">business<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/pueden-las-empresas-con-un-administrador-y-estatutos-tipo-tomar-decisiones-validas\/\">decisions<\/a> you make. Whether you are an entrepreneur seeking your first acquisition, a company pursuing <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/navigating-commercial-lease-challenges-strategic-options-for-landlords-when-a-tenant-enters-insolvency\/\">strategic<\/a> growth, or an <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/base-de-conocimientos\/visados-para-inversores-y-emprendedores\/\">investor<\/a> looking to deploy capital, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/preguntas-frecuentes-sobre-la-compra-y-venta-de-una-empresa\/\">buying<\/a> an established business offers immediate access to revenue streams, existing customers, a trained workforce, and a proven operating model.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, an SME acquisition is also a complex legal and <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/derecho-mercantil\/litigios-inmobiliarios-2\/empresas-ocupantes\/\">comercial<\/a> undertaking. Without the <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/el-derecho-de-adquisicion-preferente-claves-para-propietarios-e-inquilinos\/\">right<\/a> guidance, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/la-guia-esencial-para-quienes-compran-una-vivienda-por-primera-vez\/\">compradores<\/a> can find themselves exposed to unexpected liabilities, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/derecho-personal\/ley-reguladora\/\">normativa<\/a> pitfalls, or disputes after completion. This guide walks you through the key stages of the process, explains the legal issues you need to consider, and highlights where specialist legal advice can make the difference between a deal that delivers value and one that creates costly problems.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At Ronald <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/\">Fletcher<\/a> Baker LLP, our <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/categoria\/corporativo\/\">Empresa<\/a> &amp; Commercial <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/etiqueta\/equipo-de-litigios-dj\/\">team<\/a> has extensive experience advising buyers at <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/the-renters-rights-act-2025-what-every-landlord-needs-to-know\/\">every<\/a> stage of SME transactions&nbsp;and business acquisitions. We act for entrepreneurs, family offices, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/base-de-conocimientos\/cliente-privado\/\">private<\/a> equity-backed buyers, and corporate acquirers across a wide range of sectors. Our aim is always the same: to protect your interests and help you achieve a successful acquisition on the best possible terms.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Decidir qu\u00e9 comprar: Compra de acciones frente a compra de activos<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La primera decisi\u00f3n jur\u00eddica -y posiblemente la m\u00e1s fundamental- en cualquier adquisici\u00f3n de una PYME es si se compran las acciones de la empresa objetivo o si se compran sus activos empresariales para adquirir otra empresa. Cada estructura tiene implicaciones jur\u00eddicas, fiscales y comerciales muy diferentes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Compra de acciones<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando se trata de comprar una empresa, en el caso de una compra de acciones, usted compra la participaci\u00f3n de la empresa propietaria de la empresa. Usted adquiere la empresa como entidad jur\u00eddica, incluidos todos sus activos, contratos, pasivos y obligaciones, tanto conocidos como desconocidos.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Caracter\u00edsticas clave de una compra de acciones:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Te pones en la piel de la empresa existente y heredas toda su historia.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Todos los contratos, licencias y relaciones laborales existentes se transfieren autom\u00e1ticamente.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Historical liabilities \u2014 including tax, regulatory, and legal <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/reclamaciones-por-deterioro-guia-para-propietarios-de-viviendas-privadas\/\">claims<\/a> \u2014 remain with the company&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Los vendedores suelen preferir esta estructura por razones de eficiencia fiscal&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Requiere una diligencia debida para identificar y valorar todos los riesgos hist\u00f3ricos.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Compra de activos<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In an asset purchase, you&nbsp;acquire&nbsp;specific assets of the business \u2014 such as goodwill, stock, equipment, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/derecho-mercantil\/litigios-comerciales\/derechos-de-autor-medios-de-comunicacion-e-ip\/\">intellectual property<\/a>, and customer contracts \u2014 rather than buying the company itself.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Caracter\u00edsticas clave de una compra de activos:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul start=\"6\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Usted elige qu\u00e9 activos y pasivos asumir, dejando atr\u00e1s los elementos no deseados&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Los pasivos hist\u00f3ricos suelen permanecer en la empresa del vendedor&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Es posible que haya que novar o reasignar contratos, licencias y arrendamientos.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Staff may need to be re-employed under <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/derecho-mercantil\/empleo-empresa\/tupe-y-ventas-a-empresas\/\">TUPE<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/derecho-personal\/empleo-2\/normativa-tupe-y-transferencias-de-empleo\/\">Transfer of Undertakings<\/a> regulations)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Los compradores suelen preferir esta estructura cuando existe un riesgo de responsabilidad hist\u00f3rica significativo&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The right structure for your transaction <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/puede-un-testamento-anular-mis-acuerdos-anteriores\/\">will<\/a> depend on a range of factors including the nature of the business, the profile of its liabilities, tax considerations for both parties, and the seller&#8217;s preferences. Your solicitor should advise on the&nbsp;appropriate structure&nbsp;early&nbsp;in the process&nbsp;of acquiring&nbsp;UK SMEs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Encontrar y dirigirse a una empresa objetivo<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antes de que el proceso legal comience en serio, es necesario identificar y acercarse a un objetivo de adquisici\u00f3n adecuado. Los compradores suelen buscar oportunidades a trav\u00e9s de agentes comerciales, contables, contactos del sector, mercados en l\u00ednea como Daltons Business o BusinessesForSale, o mediante contactos directos con empresas gestionadas por sus propietarios.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una vez que se ha identificado un objetivo, las primeras etapas de cualquier adquisici\u00f3n suelen implicar:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul start=\"11\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Signing a Non-Disclosure <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/base-de-conocimientos\/necesito-un-acuerdo-de-accionistas\/\">Agreement<\/a> (NDA) to govern the exchange of confidential information&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recibir y revisar un memor\u00e1ndum informativo o una descripci\u00f3n general equivalente de la empresa.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Preliminary financial analysis and <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/cuanto-vale-mi-empresa-una-guia-sobre-los-metodos-de-valoracion-de-las-pymes\/\">valuation<\/a> discussions&nbsp;are crucial when considering a business to buy.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Emisi\u00f3n de una carta de intenciones (LOI) o un pliego de condiciones para registrar los principios comerciales acordados.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The NDA and Heads of Terms are among the first legal <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/guia-para-el-nuevo-ejercicio-financiero-para-que-los-documentos-juridicos-de-su-empresa-esten-al-dia\/\">documents<\/a> in any transaction. While Heads of Terms are&nbsp;generally non-binding (except for specific provisions such as exclusivity and confidentiality), they set the commercial framework for the deal and&nbsp;establish&nbsp;expectations on both sides. It is important to have these documents reviewed by a solicitor before signing.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Valoraci\u00f3n y estructuraci\u00f3n de la operaci\u00f3n<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acordar el precio correcto es el n\u00facleo de cualquier adquisici\u00f3n. Las PYME suelen valorarse sobre la base de un m\u00faltiplo de beneficios -por lo general, aplicando un m\u00faltiplo al EBITDA (beneficios antes de intereses, impuestos, depreciaciones y amortizaciones)-, aunque tambi\u00e9n se utilizan enfoques basados en los activos, los ingresos y el flujo de caja descontado, en funci\u00f3n del sector y la naturaleza de la empresa.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e1s all\u00e1 del precio principal, tambi\u00e9n tendr\u00e1 que considerar la estructura de la operaci\u00f3n. Los elementos estructurales clave son:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cuentas de finalizaci\u00f3n frente a caja cerrada<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a completion accounts mechanism, the purchase price is adjusted after completion based on the actual financial position of the business at completion \u2014 including its cash, debt, and working capital. A locked box mechanism instead fixes the price by reference to an agreed historical balance sheet, with <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/derechos-y-proteccion-de-los-accionistas-minoritarios\/\">protections<\/a> against value leakage between the locked box date and completion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Contrapartidas diferidas y Earn-Outs<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is common in SME transactions for part of the purchase price to be deferred \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/base-de-conocimientos\/guia-para-propietarios-de-viviendas-que-hacer-si-el-inquilino-no-paga-el-alquiler-en-el-reino-unido\/\">paid<\/a> after completion \u2014 or to be contingent on the future financial performance of the business. <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/litigios-sobre-contratos-de-adquisicion-de-acciones-litigios-sobre-clausulas-de-earn-out\/\">Earn-out<\/a> provisions can align the interests of buyer and seller&nbsp;in business acquisitions&nbsp;but require careful drafting to avoid post-completion disputes <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/acerca-de-nosotros\/\">about<\/a> how performance is measured.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Garant\u00edas, indemnizaciones y ajustes de precios<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The purchase price may also be adjusted by reference to <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/lista-de-comprobacion-de-reclamaciones-por-incumplimiento-de-garantias-en-litigios-sobre-contratos-de-compraventa-de-acciones\/\">warranty<\/a> claims. <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/entender-los-prestamos-puente-una-red-de-seguridad-para-los-prestatarios-necesitados\/\">Understanding<\/a> the interplay between valuation, deal structure, and legal protections is one of the most important aspects of an SME acquisition and underscores the value of experienced legal and financial advisers working in tandem.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. Diligencia debida: Conozca lo que compra<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La diligencia debida es el proceso mediante el cual un comprador investiga la empresa objetivo antes de comprometerse a la adquisici\u00f3n. Es su oportunidad de verificar la informaci\u00f3n facilitada por el vendedor, identificar los riesgos y cerciorarse de que la empresa es lo que parece ser.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En una operaci\u00f3n con una PYME, la diligencia debida suele abarcar los siguientes \u00e1mbitos:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00c1reas t\u00edpicas de diligencia debida en la adquisici\u00f3n de una PYME:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul start=\"15\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Legal: corporate structure, material contracts, intellectual <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/categoria\/litigios-inmobiliarios\/\">propiedad<\/a>,&nbsp;litigation&nbsp;and disputes&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Financiero: cuentas auditadas, cuentas de gesti\u00f3n, cumplimiento fiscal, deudores y acreedores&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Commercial: customer and <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/riesgos-de-fraude-en-las-relaciones-comerciales-cuando-su-socio-o-proveedor-no-es-quien-parece\/\">supplier<\/a> relationships, market position, growth prospects&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Employment: workforce structure, key personnel, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/derecho-mercantil\/empleo-empresa\/contratos-de-trabajo\/\">employment contracts<\/a>, pension arrangements&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Property: title to <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/base-de-conocimientos\/comprar-una-propiedad-en-el-reino-unido-propiedad-absoluta-o-arrendamiento\/\">freehold<\/a> or leasehold premises, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/incumplimiento-de-un-contrato-de-arrendamiento-comercial-cuidado-con-renunciar-al-derecho-de-caducidad\/\">lease<\/a> terms, dilapidations&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Normativa: licencias, permisos, requisitos de cumplimiento espec\u00edficos del sector&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Medio ambiente: contaminaci\u00f3n o responsabilidad medioambiental (especialmente para empresas inmobiliarias o manufactureras).&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The scope and depth of due diligence should be proportionate to the size, nature, and risk profile of the target. The findings of due diligence will inform both the negotiation of the purchase price and the warranties and <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/warranties-and-indemnities-in-share-purchase-agreements\/\">indemnities<\/a> that you&nbsp;seek&nbsp;from the seller in the purchase agreement.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is worth noting that in an SME <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/qa-derecho-laboral-en-el-contexto-empresarial\/\">context<\/a>, financial and management information may be less comprehensive than in a corporate mid-market deal. Your solicitor and accountant should help you&nbsp;identify&nbsp;gaps in the information provided and ask the right questions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. El contrato de compraventa<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El acuerdo de compra de acciones (SPA) o el acuerdo de compra de activos (APA) es el principal documento jur\u00eddico que rige la transacci\u00f3n. Suele ser el documento m\u00e1s negociado en cualquier adquisici\u00f3n y establecer\u00e1 el marco jur\u00eddico completo de la operaci\u00f3n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las disposiciones clave del acuerdo de compra incluyen:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Condiciones de realizaci\u00f3n<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most acquisitions are conditional on certain events occurring before the deal can complete \u2014 such as regulatory approvals, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/guia-del-arrendador-de-locales-comerciales-constituye-la-aceptacion-del-alquiler-por-un-agente-una-renuncia-al-derecho-de-caducidad\/\">landlord<\/a> consent to an assignment of a lease, or third-party consents under material contracts. The <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/datos-del-cliente\/\">conditions<\/a>, and the&nbsp;timeframes&nbsp;within which they must be satisfied, need to be carefully negotiated.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Garant\u00edas<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Warranties are contractual statements of fact made by the seller about the business. If a warranty proves to be untrue and the buyer suffers loss as a result, the buyer may have a claim against the seller. <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/rfbtermsofbusiness0625\/\">Standard<\/a> warranties cover financial information, the accuracy of accounts, the absence of material <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/etiqueta\/litigation-team-br\/\">litigation<\/a>, compliance with laws, and the condition of assets, among many other matters. Buyers should scrutinise the warranty schedule carefully.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Divulgaci\u00f3n<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The seller will&nbsp;seek&nbsp;to qualify warranties by reference to matters&nbsp;disclosed&nbsp;in a <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/ordenes-de-divulgacion\/\">disclosure<\/a> letter. Disclosed matters are carved out of warranty liability, so careful review of the disclosure bundle is critical. Items&nbsp;disclosed&nbsp;reduce the seller&#8217;s liability but may give the buyer pause to reconsider the price or seek&nbsp;additional&nbsp;protection.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Indemnizaciones<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A diferencia de las garant\u00edas (que exigen que el comprador demuestre la p\u00e9rdida), las indemnizaciones proporcionan una protecci\u00f3n libra por libra contra riesgos espec\u00edficos identificados. Suelen solicitarse cuando la diligencia debida revela un pasivo conocido o cuantificable, como un riesgo fiscal, un litigio pendiente o un problema medioambiental.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pactos restrictivos<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A well-drafted SPA will include <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/derecho-personal\/empleo-2\/pactos-restrictivos\/\">non-compete<\/a> and non-solicitation covenants preventing the seller from competing with the business or poaching key staff or customers for a defined period after completion. These covenants must be carefully tailored in scope and duration to be enforceable under English law.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Limitaciones de responsabilidad<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sellers will&nbsp;seek&nbsp;to limit their warranty liability by negotiating caps (typically expressed as a percentage of the purchase price), time limits for <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/requisitos-esenciales-para-presentar-una-demanda-derivada\/\">bringing<\/a> claims, and&nbsp;minimum&nbsp;claim thresholds. Buyers should take care that the limitations negotiated do not leave them materially under-protected.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. Empleo y consideraciones TUPE<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los empleados suelen ser uno de los aspectos m\u00e1s valiosos -y delicados- de la adquisici\u00f3n de una PYME. Existen importantes obligaciones legales que deben tenerse en cuenta independientemente de si la transacci\u00f3n se realiza mediante la compra de acciones o de activos en el contexto de una peque\u00f1a empresa.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En una compra de acciones, los empleados siguen siendo empleados de la empresa y sus contratos de trabajo se mantienen sin cambios. Sin embargo, el comprador querr\u00e1 revisar los principales contratos de trabajo, evaluar la estructura de la plantilla y comprender cualquier posible responsabilidad laboral.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En una compra de activos que implique el traspaso de una empresa en funcionamiento, se aplicar\u00e1 normalmente el Reglamento de 2006 sobre la transmisi\u00f3n de empresas (protecci\u00f3n del empleo) (TUPE). En virtud del TUPE:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul start=\"22\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Los empleados asignados a la empresa se transfieren autom\u00e1ticamente al comprador en sus condiciones actuales&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>El comprador hereda las obligaciones laborales del vendedor con respecto a esos empleados&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tanto el vendedor como el comprador tienen la obligaci\u00f3n de informar y consultar a los representantes de los trabajadores antes de la transferencia.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Los despidos relacionados con el traslado son autom\u00e1ticamente improcedentes a menos que exista una \u2018raz\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica, t\u00e9cnica u organizativa\u2019 (raz\u00f3n ETO) que implique un cambio en la plantilla.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El cumplimiento del TUPE es un \u00e1rea significativa de riesgo legal para los compradores en las transacciones de activos. Debe obtenerse asesoramiento jur\u00eddico en una fase temprana para garantizar que se siguen los procedimientos adecuados y que las responsabilidades laborales se distribuyen adecuadamente entre las partes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>7. 7. Asuntos inmobiliarios<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Muchas PYME ocupan locales que son fundamentales para sus operaciones. Tanto si la empresa es propietaria de sus locales como si los ocupa en r\u00e9gimen de arrendamiento, las cuestiones inmobiliarias deber\u00e1n abordarse cuidadosamente en la transacci\u00f3n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En una compra de acciones, la propiedad o el arrendamiento de la empresa se transmite con las acciones. Su abogado llevar\u00e1 a cabo la diligencia debida en relaci\u00f3n con la titularidad, incluida la revisi\u00f3n del registro de la propiedad, los contratos de arrendamiento y la realizaci\u00f3n de b\u00fasquedas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En una compra de activos, o cuando el vendedor desea conservar la propiedad absoluta y conceder un nuevo arrendamiento al comprador, la situaci\u00f3n es m\u00e1s compleja:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul start=\"26\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Si la empresa tiene un contrato de arrendamiento, el comprador tendr\u00e1 que cederlo, lo que suele requerir el consentimiento del propietario.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Los propietarios pueden exigir al comprador una fianza de alquiler o un avalista, e imponer condiciones al consentimiento&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deben revisarse cuidadosamente las condiciones del contrato de arrendamiento, incluidas las cl\u00e1usulas de revisi\u00f3n del alquiler, las cl\u00e1usulas de ruptura, las obligaciones de reparaci\u00f3n y las restricciones de enajenaci\u00f3n.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/derecho-mercantil\/litigios-comerciales\/litigios-sobre-propiedad-comercial\/\">Dilapidaciones<\/a> (the cost of putting premises into repair at lease expiry) can&nbsp;represent&nbsp;a significant liability and should be investigated during due diligence&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>8. Consideraciones reglamentarias y de competencia<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depending on the sector and size of the transaction, there&nbsp;may be regulatory or competition law <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/visados-britanicos-2024-salario-minimo-y-requisitos-de-ingresos\/\">requirements<\/a> that must be addressed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Liquidaci\u00f3n de concursos<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most SME acquisitions will fall well below the thresholds for mandatory merger control notification in the UK (which are based on the turnover of the target and the combined market position of the parties). However, in sectors where the target has a significant share of a local or specialist market, it is worth considering whether the transaction could attract <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/base-de-conocimientos\/el-control-judicial-en-el-sector-de-los-servicios-financieros\/\">scrutiny<\/a> from the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) on an informal basis.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Normativa sectorial<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Businesses in <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/derecho-mercantil\/negocio-corporativo\/sectores-comerciales-regulados\/\">regulated sectors<\/a> \u2014 including financial services, healthcare, food and drink, childcare, and others \u2014 will hold licences, registrations, or authorisations that are personal to the entity and may not transfer automatically on a change of ownership. Buyers must&nbsp;identify&nbsp;which regulatory consents are&nbsp;required&nbsp;for business acquisitions, assess the timetable for obtaining them, and \u2014 where possible \u2014 make their completion conditional on obtaining them.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Protecci\u00f3n de datos<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The acquisition of a business will involve the processing of personal <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/actualizaciones-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-y-consideraciones-clave-para-las-empresas\/\">data<\/a> about employees, customers, and suppliers. Buyers should satisfy themselves that the target business is compliant with its obligations under UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018, and that&nbsp;appropriate provisions&nbsp;are included in the purchase agreement to address data protection matters.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>9. Financiaci\u00f3n de la adquisici\u00f3n<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pocos compradores disponen de efectivo suficiente para financiar directamente la adquisici\u00f3n de una PYME. Las estructuras de financiaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s habituales son:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul start=\"30\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Deuda bancaria: pr\u00e9stamos a plazo o cr\u00e9ditos renovables de un banco o prestamista alternativo, garantizados con los activos o flujos de caja del objetivo.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pagar\u00e9s de vendedor: parte del precio de compra que queda pendiente como pr\u00e9stamo del vendedor al comprador, reembolsable en un plazo acordado.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Earn-out: parte del precio depende de los resultados futuros, lo que reduce la necesidad de financiaci\u00f3n inicial.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Capital privado o financiaci\u00f3n de inversores: capital externo procedente de un fondo de capital privado, una family office o un inversor \u00e1ngel.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Financiaci\u00f3n de la compra de la empresa por sus directivos (MBO): cuando el equipo directivo de la empresa objetivo compra la empresa, puede haber proveedores de fondos especializados en MBO y proveedores de capital de desarrollo para peque\u00f1as empresas.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"31\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"32\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"33\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"34\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where third-party debt financing is involved, the lender will typically require its own due diligence, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/qa-deferred-consideration-security\/\">security<\/a> over the target&#8217;s assets, and direct step-in rights in certain events. Your solicitor will need to coordinate the legal work for both the acquisition and the financing to ensure that completion can occur simultaneously.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>10. Terminaci\u00f3n y post-terminaci\u00f3n<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La conclusi\u00f3n es el momento en que la transacci\u00f3n se lleva a cabo legalmente: se transfieren las acciones o los activos, se paga el precio de compra y el control de la empresa pasa al comprador. En muchas transacciones de PYME, el intercambio y la conclusi\u00f3n se producen simult\u00e1neamente (transacciones incondicionales). Cuando deban cumplirse condiciones, habr\u00e1 un lapso entre el intercambio (cuando las partes est\u00e1n legalmente vinculadas) y la conclusi\u00f3n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the day of completion,&nbsp;a <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/wpcode\/temporary-phone-number-overwrite-for-immigration-pages\/\">number<\/a> of&nbsp;key documents will be&nbsp;executed&nbsp;and the following steps will typically occur:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul start=\"35\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Execution of the purchase agreement and any ancillary documents (shareholders&#8217; agreement, new service <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/acuerdos-de-compra-de-acciones-de-qa\/\">agreements<\/a>, board minutes)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pago del precio de compra (o del primer plazo) al vendedor&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Transfer of shares (<a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/guia-para-la-solicitud-de-permisos-de-patrocinador-del-reino-unido-por-la-via-del-visado-para-trabajadores-cualificados\/\">via<\/a> stock transfer forms) or assets (via transfer documents)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dimisi\u00f3n de los consejeros salientes y nombramiento de los nuevos&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Entrega de los libros y registros de la empresa al comprador&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Post-completion obligations should not be overlooked. These may include filing the share transfer at Companies House, notifying third parties (including customers, suppliers, landlords, and regulators) of the change of ownership, integrating the business into your existing operations, and managing the seller&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/de-libor-a-sonia-la-recta-final-de-la-transicion\/\">transition<\/a> period.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where earn-out or deferred <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/proteger-la-contraprestacion-diferida-en-una-venta-de-acciones\/\">consideration<\/a> provisions apply, it will also be important to&nbsp;establish&nbsp;clear governance arrangements for the earn-out period to protect against disputes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>11. Trampas comunes que deben evitarse<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bas\u00e1ndonos en nuestra experiencia en transacciones de PYME, destacamos a continuaci\u00f3n algunos de los errores m\u00e1s comunes -y costosos- que cometen los compradores cuando intentan comprar una empresa:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul start=\"40\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Diligencia debida insuficiente: escatimar en diligencia para ahorrar costes o acelerar una operaci\u00f3n no suele ser una buena econom\u00eda. Los pasivos no descubiertos pueden superar con creces el coste de una investigaci\u00f3n exhaustiva previa a la conclusi\u00f3n.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Protecci\u00f3n inadecuada de la garant\u00eda: aceptar el primer borrador de limitaciones de la garant\u00eda de un vendedor sin negociar puede dejar al comprador con una protecci\u00f3n materialmente inadecuada. Deben analizarse todas las limitaciones, incluidos los l\u00edmites, los plazos y las cestas.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pasar por alto el TUPE: en las transacciones de activos, los compradores a veces no aprecian todo el alcance de las obligaciones TUPE hasta que es demasiado tarde. Esto puede exponerles a importantes reclamaciones por parte de los empleados transferidos.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ignorar la integraci\u00f3n posterior a la conclusi\u00f3n: la transacci\u00f3n legal es s\u00f3lo el principio. No planificar la integraci\u00f3n -incluida la retenci\u00f3n del personal clave, la gesti\u00f3n de las relaciones con los clientes y la alineaci\u00f3n de los sistemas- es una de las principales causas de que las adquisiciones no aporten el valor previsto.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Not understanding the earn-out mechanics: poorly drafted earn-out provisions are a frequent source of post-completion litigation. Buyers should ensure that the earn-out metrics, the buyer&#8217;s obligations during the earn-out period, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/derecho-mercantil\/litigios-inmobiliarios-2\/resolucion-alternativa-de-litigios-comerciales-2\/\">resoluci\u00f3n de litigios<\/a> mechanism are all clearly defined.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Underestimating the timetable: SME transactions often take longer than&nbsp;anticipated, particularly where regulatory consents, landlord approvals, or financing need to be arranged. Build realistic timescales into your <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/hacer-testamento-y-planificar-el-futuro\/\">planning<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>C\u00f3mo puede ayudar Ronald Fletcher Baker LLP<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our Corporate &amp; Commercial team provides end-to-end legal <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/etiqueta\/support-staff\/\">apoyo<\/a> for SME acquisitions, working alongside your accountants and financial advisers to deliver a seamless transaction. <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/\">Our services<\/a> include:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul start=\"46\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Asesoramiento sobre la estructura de las operaciones y las implicaciones fiscales de los distintos planteamientos&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Redacci\u00f3n y negociaci\u00f3n de acuerdos de confidencialidad y exclusividad.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diligencia debida en materia jur\u00eddica: asuntos societarios, mercantiles, laborales e inmobiliarios.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Redacci\u00f3n y negociaci\u00f3n del contrato de compraventa de acciones o de activos&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Advising on TUPE and <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/servicios\/derecho-personal\/servicios-de-derecho-laboral\/\">employment law<\/a> compliance&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Due diligence inmobiliaria y cesi\u00f3n o novaci\u00f3n de arrendamientos&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Coordinaci\u00f3n con los abogados de los prestamistas sobre la financiaci\u00f3n de la deuda&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tr\u00e1mites administrativos y de archivo posteriores a la finalizaci\u00f3n&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/el-mes-del-orgullo-en-rfb-como-lo-celebramos-que-significa-para-nosotros-y-por-que-la-representacion-en-el-sector-juridico-es-fundamental-2\/\">pride<\/a> ourselves on providing clear, commercial advice in plain language \u2014 helping you to understand the risks and make informed decisions at every stage. We are experienced in acting for first-time buyers as well as serial acquirers, and we tailor our approach to the complexity and value of each transaction.&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":8904,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[87],"class_list":["post-8903","insight","type-insight","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-corporate","tag-richmond-office"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Acquiring a small or medium-sized enterprise (SME) can be one of the most rewarding business decisions you make. 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