{"id":5147,"date":"2024-05-20T11:10:20","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T11:10:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/?post_type=insight&#038;p=5147"},"modified":"2025-11-14T14:20:34","modified_gmt":"2025-11-14T14:20:34","slug":"lista-de-comprobacion-de-reclamaciones-por-incumplimiento-de-garantias-en-litigios-sobre-contratos-de-compraventa-de-acciones","status":"publish","type":"insight","link":"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/perspectivas\/lista-de-comprobacion-de-reclamaciones-por-incumplimiento-de-garantias-en-litigios-sobre-contratos-de-compraventa-de-acciones\/","title":{"rendered":"Disputas sobre contratos de compraventa de acciones: Lista de comprobaci\u00f3n de la reclamaci\u00f3n por incumplimiento de garant\u00eda"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Los contratos de compraventa de acciones (\u2018SPA\u2019, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) son documentos fundamentales que regulan la compraventa privada de acciones de una empresa. Es inevitable que surjan controversias en relaci\u00f3n con la compraventa de acciones, que a menudo giran en torno al incumplimiento de las garant\u00edas recogidas en el SPA, normalmente asumidas por el vendedor.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>En este art\u00edculo, analizamos los aspectos pr\u00e1cticos relacionados con el incumplimiento de las garant\u00edas en los contratos de compraventa de acciones (SPA) y ofrecemos una lista de comprobaci\u00f3n sobre c\u00f3mo gestionar este tipo de controversias en las primeras fases de una reclamaci\u00f3n por incumplimiento de garant\u00eda.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00bfQu\u00e9 se entiende por incumplimiento de la garant\u00eda en un contrato de compraventa de acciones?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En el contexto de los contratos de compraventa (SPA), las garant\u00edas son afirmaciones realizadas por el vendedor sobre la exactitud y la exhaustividad de determinada informaci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como sobre la empresa objeto de la venta. Se produce un incumplimiento de garant\u00eda cuando se comprueba que dichas afirmaciones son falsas o enga\u00f1osas, ya sea en el momento de la venta o posteriormente.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Entre los tipos m\u00e1s habituales de incumplimiento de garant\u00eda se pueden incluir:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Declaraciones financieras falsas:<\/strong> cuando el vendedor ofrece informaci\u00f3n err\u00f3nea sobre la situaci\u00f3n financiera de la empresa, como sus ingresos, beneficios o pasivos.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cumplimiento normativo:<\/strong> Las garant\u00edas pueden extenderse al cumplimiento de las leyes y normativas aplicables, cuyo incumplimiento podr\u00eda producirse si se determinara que la empresa ha infringido dichas leyes y normativas aplicables.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Propiedad intelectual:<\/strong> El vendedor puede garantizar que la empresa es titular de todos sus derechos de propiedad intelectual. No obstante, si posteriormente se descubre que no es as\u00ed, se podr\u00e1 considerar que el vendedor ha incumplido la garant\u00eda.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lista de comprobaci\u00f3n para gestionar una reclamaci\u00f3n por incumplimiento de garant\u00eda<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Revisa el SPA:<\/strong> Examina detenidamente el contrato de compraventa (SPA) para comprender las garant\u00edas ofrecidas por el vendedor y valora cu\u00e1les de ellas podr\u00edan haberse incumplido. El SPA servir\u00e1, en \u00faltima instancia, como punto de referencia fundamental para la controversia.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Documentar la infracci\u00f3n:<\/strong> Recopila todas las pruebas disponibles que respalden tu reclamaci\u00f3n por incumplimiento de la garant\u00eda, como registros y extractos financieros, correspondencia, dict\u00e1menes de expertos o documentos legales.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>Notificaci\u00f3n de reclamaci\u00f3n:<\/strong> El contrato de compraventa de acciones (SPA) suele establecer un mecanismo por el que una de las partes debe notificar a la otra cualquier posible incumplimiento de garant\u00eda y\/o su reclamaci\u00f3n. La notificaci\u00f3n suele ser un requisito previo imprescindible para presentar una reclamaci\u00f3n formal, por lo que el SPA establece con precisi\u00f3n qu\u00e9 debe figurar en la notificaci\u00f3n y c\u00f3mo debe notificarse. Por ejemplo:&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u00f3nde debe entregarse la notificaci\u00f3n; por ejemplo, \u00bfhay alguna direcci\u00f3n concreta?;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>El plazo de preaviso;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La forma en que debe enviarse la notificaci\u00f3n, por ejemplo, en mano, por correo electr\u00f3nico, por fax, por correo postal, etc.; y\/o&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Si hay que incluir alguna informaci\u00f3n concreta (lo que a menudo requiere que se faciliten tantos detalles como sea posible sobre una posible infracci\u00f3n)&nbsp;<br><br>Tambi\u00e9n es importante documentar con precisi\u00f3n cu\u00e1ndo y c\u00f3mo se entreg\u00f3 la notificaci\u00f3n, para garantizar que se pueda aportar una prueba de su entrega.&nbsp;<br><br>Si se comete un error en este punto, la notificaci\u00f3n podr\u00eda no ser v\u00e1lida, lo que podr\u00eda suponer la p\u00e9rdida del derecho a reclamar por incumplimiento de la garant\u00eda.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>Plazo de prescripci\u00f3n:<\/strong> Comprueba si en el contrato de compraventa (SPA) se establece un plazo concreto que regule el plazo de prescripci\u00f3n para presentar una reclamaci\u00f3n. Por lo general, seg\u00fan la legislaci\u00f3n inglesa, el plazo de prescripci\u00f3n para una reclamaci\u00f3n por incumplimiento de contrato (incluido el incumplimiento de una garant\u00eda) es de seis a\u00f1os, a menos que se haya formalizado mediante escritura p\u00fablica, en cuyo caso dicho plazo puede ampliarse a doce a\u00f1os. Sin embargo, el SPA suele estipular un plazo de prescripci\u00f3n contractual m\u00e1s corto, normalmente de entre 12 y 18 meses. Si se incumple este plazo contractual, simplemente se le habr\u00e1 agotado el plazo para presentar una reclamaci\u00f3n.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Desde un punto de vista pr\u00e1ctico, es posible que un comprador desee solicitar a sus representantes legales que le faciliten un calendario de plazos de prescripci\u00f3n para garantizar el cumplimiento de todos los plazos posibles.<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los descuidos son habituales en el mundo empresarial, pero muchos de los problemas derivados del incumplimiento de los estrictos requisitos de un SPA pueden evitarse.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si necesitas asesoramiento o ayuda para gestionar litigios relacionados con contratos de compraventa de acciones, ya sea por incumplimiento de una garant\u00eda o por cualquier otro motivo, ponte en contacto con el socio <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/es\/gente\/jonathan-chan\/\">Jonathan Chan<\/a> en <a href=\"mailto:j.chan@rfblegal.co.uk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">j.chan@rfblegal.co.uk<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":5148,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[81],"class_list":["post-5147","insight","type-insight","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commercial-litigation","tag-litigation-team-dj"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Share Purchase Agreements (\u2018SPAs\u2019) are key documents which govern the private sale and purchase of shares in a company. 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Es inevitable que surjan controversias en relaci\u00f3n con la compraventa de acciones, que a menudo giran en torno al incumplimiento de las garant\u00edas recogidas en el SPA, normalmente ofrecidas por el vendedor. 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