{"id":3397,"date":"2022-10-19T10:55:05","date_gmt":"2022-10-19T10:55:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/?post_type=insight&#038;p=3397"},"modified":"2025-04-29T13:28:49","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T13:28:49","slug":"abschnitt-28-die-zunehmende-verwendung-von-voraufgezeichneten-beweismitteln-in-strafverfahren","status":"publish","type":"insight","link":"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/einblicke\/abschnitt-28-die-zunehmende-verwendung-von-voraufgezeichneten-beweismitteln-in-strafverfahren\/","title":{"rendered":"Abschnitt 28: Die zunehmende Verwendung von voraufgezeichneten Beweisen in Strafprozessen"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><strong>In the first of two articles, Piers Desser, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/kategorie\/strafrechtliche-rechtsstreitigkeiten\/\">Criminal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/tag\/litigation-team-br\/\">Rechtsstreitigkeiten<\/a> Partner at Ronald Fletcher Baker, explains the origins of pre-recorded video <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/einblicke\/abschnitt-28-die-zunehmende-verwendung-von-voraufgezeichneten-beweismitteln-in-strafverfahren-teil-2\/\">evidence<\/a> used in courts and describes how the scheme works in practice.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Das Konzept der voraufgezeichneten m\u00fcndlichen Zeugenaussagen in Strafgerichten ist nicht neu. Auch wenn die Videoaufzeichnung von Zeugenaussagen vor Gericht wie eine neuere Entwicklung erscheint, wurde sie bereits vor Jahrzehnten entwickelt und sollte urspr\u00fcnglich eine bessere Beweisf\u00fchrung f\u00fcr Kinder und gef\u00e4hrdete Zeugen erm\u00f6glichen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">The virtues of presenting evidence to a jury in this manner have been debated in the House of Commons on numerous occasions and the recent expansion of the scheme to include <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/wissensbasis\/stempelsteuer-auf-zusatzliche-immobilien\/\">zus\u00e4tzlich<\/a> Crown Courts <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/einblicke\/kann-ein-testament-meine-fruheren-vertrage-aufheben\/\">wird<\/a> mean that more lawyers will need to <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/einblicke\/was-zu-tun-ist-wenn-sich-ihr-ehepartner-nicht-auf-ein-scheidungsverfahren-einlasst\/\">engage<\/a> with this format of trial. Various aspects of this procedure are now worth considering afresh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Mit dem Criminal Justice Act von 1988 wurde erstmals die M\u00f6glichkeit geschaffen, dass ein Zeuge \u00fcber eine Live-Schaltung von au\u00dferhalb des Gerichtssaals aussagen kann. Douglas Hurd, der damalige Innenminister, erkannte das Potenzial und gab eine Untersuchung in Auftrag, um weitere Initiativen zu pr\u00fcfen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Der daraus resultierende Pigot-Ausschuss st\u00fctzte sich auf eine Vielzahl von Beweisen, um damals radikale Vorschl\u00e4ge zu machen. Dazu geh\u00f6rte die vollst\u00e4ndige Aufzeichnung von Zeugenaussagen, insbesondere in F\u00e4llen, in denen es um sexuelle Anschuldigungen ging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">In gewisser Weise war sie ihrer Zeit voraus, und es hat Jahre gedauert, bis einige dieser Vorschl\u00e4ge in die Praxis umgesetzt wurden - was zum Teil durch Abschnitt 28 des Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 erm\u00f6glicht wurde, der sich direkt mit voraufgezeichneten Beweisen befasst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><strong>\u2018Potenzielle Risiken f\u00fcr ein faires Verfahren\u2019.\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Die Vorteile f\u00fcr die Justiz liegen auf der Hand. Alter und Reife sollten durch einen Rechtsrahmen unterst\u00fctzt werden, der es erm\u00f6glicht, Beweise durch ein Verfahren, das Schutz vor dem potenziell unfairen Druck des kontradiktorischen Systems und eine solide Pr\u00fcfung bietet, mit Klarheit zu erg\u00e4nzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Allowing witnesses to give their account in a more comfortable environment, not on the witnesses <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/einblicke\/besitzstandsverfahren-und-fristen-wo-stehen-wir-nach-brent-lbc-gegen-hajan\/\">stand<\/a>, and at an appropriate pace would lead to more reliable evidence, the committee reasoned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Der Nachteil der Regelung bestand in den m\u00f6glichen Risiken f\u00fcr ein faires Verfahren. Die Zementierung der Aussage eines Zeugen Monate vor der eigentlichen Verhandlung birgt das Risiko, dass der Zeuge zur\u00fcckgerufen werden muss. Das Gerichtsverfahren ist bekannterma\u00dfen dynamisch, und die Vorabaufzeichnung der Aussagen eines Beschwerdef\u00fchrers konnte immer zu praktischen H\u00fcrden f\u00fchren, wenn neue Informationen auftauchten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Also, it was anticipated that cross-examination would be restricted to an extent that made it difficult for an advocate to properly <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/einblicke\/anfechtung-der-erbbaurechtsreform-stellt-die-zukunft-der-wichtigsten-bestimmungen-in-frage\/\">challenge<\/a> the evidence of the witness, dulling the long-established techniques for undermining credibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Nevertheless, Section 28 was rolled out to a <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/wpcode\/temporary-phone-number-overwrite-for-immigration-pages\/\">number<\/a> of pilot courts and the procedure quickly built up its own conventions upon implementation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">In practice, the procedure commences with the police deciding that the case is suitable for the witness, <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/einblicke\/navigieren-durch-den-anstieg-der-internationalen-schiedsgerichtsbarkeit-faq\/\">frequently<\/a> the complainant, to give their account as a video recording, known as Achieving Best Evidence (ABE). This means that the genesis of the procedure relies upon an officer making such a decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">This recording then becomes the witness\u2019s evidence in chief \u2013 which would be played to the jury at trial. The footage can be edited by <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/wissensbasis\/brauche-ich-eine-aktionarsvereinbarung\/\">agreement<\/a>, but a potential flaw of this method is that the prosecuting advocate is already bound by the narrative questioning set by the officer conducting the ABE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><strong>\u2018Anf\u00e4llig f\u00fcr die Qualit\u00e4t der polizeilichen Befragung\u2019.\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">This can have a discordant effect on how the <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/einblicke\/vereinbarungen-uber-den-aufschub-der-strafverfolgung-was-sie-sind-und-wie-sie-funktionieren\/\">prosecution<\/a> case is presented to the jury, especially in factually complex cases. It is also vulnerable to the quality of police questioning, which may be habitually suitable for a cautioned <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/einblicke\/mein-rechtsleben-ein-interview-mit-rfb-partner-rudi-ramdarshan\/\">interview<\/a> with a suspect but not necessarily to adduce a jury-friendly version of events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Nachdem die ABE aufgezeichnet wurde, wird ein Fall, der vor Gericht verhandelt werden soll, f\u00fcr eine Anh\u00f6rung nach den Grundregeln aufgelistet, um einen Zeitplan f\u00fcr die Aufzeichnung der Kreuzverh\u00f6re nach Abschnitt 28 festzulegen. In dieser Phase ist zu beachten, dass die Leitlinien besagen, dass jeder Beteiligte - sowohl der Verteidiger als auch der Richter - f\u00fcr jede Phase des Verfahrens zur Verf\u00fcgung stehen muss, unabh\u00e4ngig von anderen Verpflichtungen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Dies f\u00fchrt zu Problemen bei der Festlegung angemessener Fristen und erfordert ein h\u00f6heres Ma\u00df an Verpflichtungen als in F\u00e4llen, die nicht unter die Regelung fallen, was insbesondere f\u00fcr Verteidiger ethische Probleme aufwerfen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Dar\u00fcber hinaus haben einige Gerichte angeordnet, dass die Verteidiger vor dem Verhandlungstermin eine Liste von Fragen zur richterlichen Vorabgenehmigung vorlegen. W\u00e4hrend eine vorherige Er\u00f6rterung der Themen des Kreuzverh\u00f6rs zweifellos sinnvoll ist, stellen vorab genehmigte Fragen eindeutig ein Risiko f\u00fcr die Integrit\u00e4t des Prozesses dar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">During the Section 28 hearing itself, the advocate will be inside the court room with the witness in a room in <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/einblicke\/ein-weiteres-erfolgreiches-buro-fur-die-registrierung-von-studenten\/\">another<\/a> part of the court. Appropriate time periods are set for questioning and it is incumbent upon an advocate to request <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/einblicke\/ronald-fletcher-baker-llp-selborne-chambers-erwirkt-berufungszulassung-in-einem-fall-von-versicherungspramien\/\">permission<\/a> from the judge to ask a derivative question should the witness\u2019s answer give opportunity to develop the point further.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Judges have a duty to intervene in the event that unsuitable questions are posed or the style of questioning is not appropriate to the witness. Short questions in plain English are the order of the day. The <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/einblicke\/widerstand-gegen-die-verlangerung-eines-gewerbemietvertrags-absicht-des-vermieters-das-gelande-unter-f-zu-sanieren\/\">intention<\/a> of the scheme is that both ABE and the recorded product of the Section 28 cross-examination are played to the jury at trial, with the witness absent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><em>Next time: In the second article to be published soon, Piers gives further <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/wissensbasis\/ein-kurzer-einblick-in-strittige-nachlassangelegenheiten\/\">insight<\/a> into Section 28 through personal experience and concludes his explanation of the scheme with <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/einblicke\/schutz-der-aufgeschobenen-gegenleistung-bei-einem-aktienverkauf\/\">consideration<\/a> of its future.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><strong>For further information <a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/kontaktieren-sie-uns\/\">contact<\/a> Piers Desser directly on <\/strong><em><strong>020 7613 7138 oder E-Mail\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:p.desser@rfblegal.co.uk\">p.desser@rfblegal.co.uk<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rfblegal.co.uk\/de\/media\/k2\/items\/cache\/83a9554230ed6e6cccfe522a2a4bd53e_XL.jpg\/?t=20221124_140543\"><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3397","insight","type-insight","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In the first of two articles, Piers Desser, Criminal Litigation Partner at Ronald Fletcher Baker, explains the origins of pre-recorded video evidence used in courts and describes how the scheme works in practice. 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Das Konzept der voraufgezeichneten m\u00fcndlichen Zeugenaussagen in Strafgerichten ist nicht neu. 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